If there is been a single immutable rule all through American tv background, it has been local news. Pretty much from the moment the station 1st signed on air, they commenced carrying nearby news where by sports constantly performed a major function. An absence of dependable programming sources in these early many years led a lot of stations to show to sporting activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. New York's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initially broadcast was a professional baseball recreation ("NBC Background", 2003). When establishing area newscasts to fit their audience, these stations generally bundled sports and weather. As an example, in 1961 WKMG started off its first total-time news Division in Orlando. Newscasts include things like Frank Vaught's sporting activities reports ("The background of," 2003).
Sports activities have held a dominant placement in community information broadcasting for quite a few years, but recent business developments have known as into query this place. Segmented audiences, modifying demographics, and declining news profitability have forced the station to reexamine its local sporting activities phase. “Athletics is without doubt one of the past regions of Tv set in which folks do issues the way they normally have,” suggests television executive Elliott Wiser. “(These days) a new approach is necessary” (Deggans, 2000).
Dilemma for Neighborhood TV Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Job for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv Information Director’s Association(“Altering channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Regional TV Sporting activities
None of this is Great news to the local tv sports activities sector, which is significantly below scrutiny from station execs. Inspite of its classic presence in local newscasts, athletics have lengthy been viewed as a "tuning" aspect. As outlined by a survey with the Radio and tv News Administrators Basis, only 31% of viewers mentioned they were being 'extremely fascinated' in sports and 32% have been 'to some degree interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed desire within the climate. "Sporting activities are extremely polarizing." explained tv information advisor Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, go away, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Research have proven that Women of all ages are far significantly less keen on sporting activities than Males (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and lots of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In line with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when not a soul is listening is not a great utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the sport, while others have diminished their allotted time. Depending upon the working day of the 7 days (weekends have more sports time), sports segments have typically acquired amongst 3 and five minutes of neighborhood news coverage. Now that quantity is down to about a moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slash some time for sporting activities by just 3 plus a 50 percent minutes for three hours of news. Other people in the industry have implemented new strategies, which include sporting activities tales that target a lot more on folks than scores or cater to some broader information audience. "What we're endeavoring to do now could be take care of sports activities as news," suggests KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do something further than athletics” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 스포츠중계 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 TV 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Variations in community sports activities may be a mirrored image in the tremendous upheaval taking place during broadcast news. Should the athletics sector is no longer Risk-free, what about other information elements? CBS Team News Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) stated, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [news] model.”
On a far more immediate stage, modifications from the neighborhood sporting activities sector immediately have an affect on A huge number of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that are minimizing their determination to sports activities are lowering their sporting activities workforce ranges, which impacts The task market. One more information director stated, "[Athletics on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two comprehensive-time sportsmen to one entire-time, a person in control of the information a few times per week, and it had been a struggle to remain there.”
Equally crucial, improvements in the way sports activities are offered are forcing athletics broadcasters to learn new techniques. Not can sportscasters center on scoring. They may have to make the presentation a lot more participating for normal lovers. This is often also important for journalism faculties across the country, which ought to doc what stations want while in the athletics sector and update their teaching curricula.
Will these variations do the job or persist? Sporting activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented over the change in KDKA, “Let’s reserve final judgment until September, when the Steelers, college, and highschool soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station might be . You can find an mistake in clock management.”