If there is been a single immutable rule throughout American tv history, it's been area news. Just about from The instant the station very first signed on air, they started carrying local news the place sporting activities often performed An important role. A lack of regular programming resources in these early years led numerous stations to turn to athletics to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its first broadcast was an expert baseball match ("NBC Record", 2003). When developing neighborhood newscasts to match their viewers, these stations commonly bundled sports and weather. As an example, in 1961 WKMG commenced its initially comprehensive-time information Office in Orlando. Newscasts include Frank Vaught's sports reports ("The history of," 2003).
Sports have held a dominant posture in area information broadcasting for quite a few decades, but the latest field traits have termed into dilemma this posture. Segmented audiences, switching demographics, and declining information profitability have pressured the station to reexamine its regional sports activities segment. “Sports is probably the previous areas of TV where people do matters how they constantly have,” states television executive Elliott Wiser. “(Now) a completely new tactic is required” (Deggans, 2000).
Issue for Local Television set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Project for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Association(“Transforming channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Issue for Area Tv set Sports
None of the is good news for that nearby tv sports sector, which happens to be progressively under scrutiny from station execs. Even with its classic existence within local newscasts, athletics have lengthy been thought of a "tuning" element. In keeping with a survey because of the Radio and Television Information Administrators Foundation, only 31% of viewers explained they were being 'really fascinated' in sports and 32% had been 'rather interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed fascination during the weather. "Sports activities are exceptionally polarizing." stated television information marketing consultant Brent Magid. “The majority can take, depart, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Experiments have shown that Females are significantly less thinking about sports activities than Adult men (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In line with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when not a soul is listening is not a great utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the Activity, while some have minimized their allotted time. Based on the day in the week (weekends have far more athletics time), athletics segments have ordinarily been given concerning a few and five minutes of nearby news coverage. Given that number is all the way down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slice enough time for athletics by just 3 plus a fifty percent minutes for three hours of news. Others in the field have executed new techniques, for instance athletics stories that concentrate more on people than scores or cater to the broader news audience. "What we are seeking to do now's deal with sports as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We wish to do a thing outside of sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Improvements in neighborhood sports can be a reflection of the huge upheaval happening throughout broadcast information. When the sporting activities sector is not Harmless, what about other information factors? CBS Team News Vice chairman Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) said, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [information] design.”
On a far more quick amount, adjustments in the community sports activities sector instantly influence thousands of aspiring sportscasters. Stations which might be reducing their motivation to sports also are reducing their athletics workforce concentrations, which impacts the job current market. Another news director claimed, "[Sports on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two entire-time sportsmen to at least one complete-time, 스포츠중계 just one in charge of the news 3 times each week, and it was a battle to remain there.”
Similarly vital, adjustments in how sporting activities are introduced are forcing sports broadcasters to understand new approaches. No more can sportscasters focus on scoring. They've to generate the presentation additional partaking for normal fans. This really is also crucial for journalism universities across the nation, which should doc what stations want during the sporting activities sector and update their schooling curricula.
Will these changes work or persist? Sports journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented around the alter in KDKA, “Let’s reserve final judgment till September, when the Steelers, college, and high school soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station are going to be . You can find an mistake in clock management.”